A high-coverage Neandertal genome from Chagyrskaya Cave
Mafessoni F, Grote S, de Filippo C, Slon V, Kolobova KA, Viola B, Markin SV, Chintalapati M, Peyrégne S, Skov L, Skoglund P, Krivoshapkin AI, Derevianko AP, Meyer M, Kelso J, Peter B, Prüfer K, Pääbo S.
Abstract
We present the third high-quality genome to be determined from a Neandertal. Patterns of variation in the genome suggest that her ancestors lived in relatively isolated populations of less than 60 individuals. When we analyze this genome together with two previously sequenced Neandertal genomes, we find that genes expressed in the striatum of the brain may have changed especially much, suggesting that the striatum may have evolved unique functions in Neandertals.
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